Cybersecurity Glossary
Important IT security and information security terms explained clearly and practically.
By topic
AI & Machine Learning31
- Adversarial Machine Learning
- AI Backup and Model Recovery
- AI Certification
- AI Data Protection Impact Assessment (AI DPIA)
- AI Forensics
- AI Governance for Managing Directors
- AI Governance Framework
- AI Incident Response Playbook
- AI Monitoring and Anomaly Detection
- AI Penetration Testing
- AI Phishing Detection
- AI Poisoning
- AI Red Teaming
- AI Risk Management
- AI Security in Critical Infrastructure
- AI Supply Chain Attack
- AI-Based Biometric Authentication
- Algorithmic Accountability
- Algorithmic Bias
- Chatbot Security
- Edge AI
- EU AI Act Compliance
- Explainable AI (XAI)
- Federated Learning
- GDPR-Compliant AI Systems
- Homomorphic Encryption
- MLOps Security
- NIS2 Compliance for AI Systems
- Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
- Quantum-Safe AI
- Synthetic Data
Awareness & Social Engineering10
- Deepfake
- Deepfake Threats to Businesses
- DNS Spoofing
- Human Firewall
- Malvertising
- Phishing
- Smishing
- Spear Phishing
- Spoofing
- Typosquatting
Cloud Security4
- Cloud Security
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Secure Cloud Architecture
Compliance & Regulation14
- BSI IT-Grundschutz
- Cloud Compliance
- Governance
- Information Security Policy
- ISO 27001
- IT Audit Management
- IT Compliance
- IT Governance
- IT Security Act (IT-Sicherheitsgesetz)
- IT Security Concept
- NIS2 Directive
- SABSA Framework
- Security Objectives (CIA Triad)
- TISAX
Data Protection10
- Data Anonymization
- Data Exfiltration
- Data Governance
- Data Leak
- Data Protection API
- Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
- Data Protection Officer (DPO)
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- Privacy by Default
- Privacy by Design
Endpoint & Monitoring10
- Backup
- Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR)
- Endpoint Security
- Extended Detection & Response (XDR)
- Log Management
- Patch Management
- Security Logging & Monitoring
- Security Operations Center (SOC)
- SIEM
- SIEM Optimization
Governance & Risk6
- Business Continuity Planning
- Business Impact Analysis
- Cyber Risk
- Enterprise Risk Management
- IT Risk Management
- Third-Party IT Risk Management
Hardening & Secure Development7
- Attack Surface Management
- DevSecOps
- Secure Coding
- Secure Development Lifecycle
- Security Hardening
- Security Posture Management
- System Hardening
Identity & Access12
- Authentication
- Biometric Authentication
- BYOD
- Identity & Access Management (IAM)
- Least Privilege (Principle of Least Privilege)
- Mobile Device Management (MDM)
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- Need to Know Principle
- Privilege Escalation
- Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
- Shadow IT
- Single Sign-On (SSO)
Incident Response6
- Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)
- Cyber Resilience
- Incident Handling
- Incident Response
- Incident Response Plan
- Root Cause Analysis
ISMS & Security Management8
- AI-Powered Automated Cyberattacks
- Availability
- BSI AI Security Recommendations
- Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
- Confidentiality
- Deep Web
- Integrity
- ISMS
Network Security15
- Air Gap
- DDoS
- Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
- Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
- DNS Security
- Firewall
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
- Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)
- Network Access Control (NAC)
- Network Segmentation
- Rogue Access Point
- SSL/TLS
- Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL)
- VPN
Penetration Testing15
- Brute-Force Attack
- Bug Bounty
- Credential Stuffing
- Ethical Hacking
- Mobile Application Security Testing
- Pass-the-Hash Attack Simulation
- Password Spraying
- Penetration Test
- Physical Penetration Testing
- Purple Teaming
- Red Team Assessments
- Red Team vs. Blue Team
- Red Teaming
- Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
- Vulnerability Assessment
Threat Intelligence13
- Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
- Advanced Persistent Threat Monitoring
- Cyber Kill Chain
- Cyber Threat Hunting
- Cyber Threat Landscape
- Dark Web
- Dark Web Monitoring
- Honeypot
- Honeytoken
- Indicators of Compromise (IoC)
- Insider Threat
- OSINT
- Threat Intelligence Feeds
Vulnerabilities15
- Code Injection
- Code Obfuscation
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Cross-Site Scripting
- EOL (End of Life)
- JMX Console
- OWASP Top 10
- Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
- SQL Injection
- Supply Chain Attack
- Vulnerability Management
- Vulnerability Scanning
- Zero-day exploit
- Zero-Day Protection
- Zero-Day Vulnerability
Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a long-running, targeted attack. See how APTs work and how organizations detect and stop them.
Advanced Persistent Threat Monitoring
Advanced Persistent Threat Monitoring protects organizations against targeted cyberattacks. This guide shows how it works and how to set it up.
Adversarial Machine Learning
Adversarial machine learning covers evasion, model extraction and membership inference. See how attackers fool AI models and how to defend them.
AI Poisoning
AI poisoning uses manipulated training data, backdoors or poisoned RAG sources to compromise AI models. Here is which controls actually help.
AI Red Teaming
AI red teaming uses offensive tests to find prompt injection, data leakage and unsafe behaviour in AI applications. Process, methods and tools.
Air Gap
An air gap physically isolates a system from other networks. See how it works and where it is used: IT security, power transmission and manufacturing.
Algorithmic Accountability
Algorithmic accountability asks who answers for automated decisions. See what the GDPR and EU AI Act require and how companies prove responsibility.
Attack Surface Management
Attack Surface Management (ASM) helps you monitor, reduce and protect your organization's attack surface. Here is how it works.
Authentication
What is authentication? Its meaning, how it differs from authorization, the three factors, methods such as MFA and passkeys, and typical attacks.
AI-Powered Automated Cyberattacks
AI-powered cyberattacks automate phishing, reconnaissance, voice cloning and vulnerability hunting. Here is what businesses can do about them.
Backup
A backup protects your data and keeps it available at all times. See proven backup strategies, current technologies and best practices.
Biometric Authentication
Biometric authentication verifies identity by physical traits. See how it changes digital identity checks and access control.
Blue Teaming
Blue teaming is the defensive side of cybersecurity that protects systems and networks. See its tasks, tools and best practices.
Botnet
A botnet is a network of hijacked devices under an attacker's control. See how botnets work, which risks they pose and how to protect yourself.
Brute-Force Attack
A brute-force attack guesses passwords or keys by trying many options. See how it works, which weak spots it exploits and how to protect your accounts.
BSI IT-Grundschutz
What is the BSI IT-Grundschutz? Standards 200-1 to 200-4, the Compendium and its modules, three levels of protection, a seven-step approach and certification.
BSI AI Security Recommendations
The BSI AI security recommendations cover generative AI and AI cloud services (AIC4). See what Germany's cyber agency advises and how to apply it.
Bug Bounty
What is a bug bounty? How bug bounty programs work, how they differ from pentests and VDPs, platforms, rewards, legal questions and tips for getting started.
Business Continuity Planning
Business continuity planning keeps your operations running during a crisis. See how it helps your organization reduce risks.
Business Impact Analysis
A business impact analysis shows how outages affect your business. See its methods and steps for managing risks and protecting business continuity.
BYOD
BYOD means employees use their own devices for work. See the benefits and challenges, and how to keep both security and productivity high.
Chatbot Security
Chatbot security protects LLM-based AI assistants in your business. See how to detect and contain prompt injection, data leakage and excessive permissions.
Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
What is a CISO? The meaning, tasks and position of the chief information security officer, how it differs from ISB, CIO and DPO, and the external CISO.
Cloud Compliance
Cloud compliance means meeting legal and regulatory rules in the cloud. See how companies do this with technical and organizational measures.
Cloud Security
Cloud security protects your data and applications in the cloud. See which measures you need to secure cloud environments.
Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
Cloud security posture management (CSPM) finds security gaps and misconfigurations in cloud infrastructures. It helps you assess and fix them.
Code Injection
Code injection is a critical vulnerability that lets attackers inject malicious code. See how to protect against it.
Code Obfuscation
Code obfuscation makes software harder to reverse engineer and misuse. See which methods exist and where their limits are.
Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)
What is a CSIRT? Its tasks, types (internal, national, PSIRT), how it differs from a CERT and a SOC, team roles and how smaller companies can organize.
Credential Stuffing
What is credential stuffing? How attackers exploit leaked passwords, how it differs from brute force and password spraying, detection and good protection.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) tricks a browser into sending unwanted requests. See how attacks work, what risks they pose and how to protect systems.
Cross-Site Scripting
Cross-site scripting (XSS) injects malicious scripts into web pages. See its types, its risks and how to keep your web applications secure.
Cyber Kill Chain
The Cyber Kill Chain splits a cyberattack into seven phases. See how to use the model to protect your company at every stage.
Cyber Resilience
Cyber resilience helps organizations withstand cyberattacks. See how protection strategies and resilience make your systems more secure.
Cyber Threat Hunting
Cyber threat hunting is a proactive way to find and counter threats. See the strategies, tools and best practices behind it.
Cyber Threat Landscape
The cyber threat landscape shows current threats and who is behind them. See how companies and individuals can protect their systems.
Cyber Risk
Cyber risk is the chance of harm from attacks or IT failures. See its causes and how risk management, technology and proven measures help.
Dark Web
The dark web is a hidden part of the internet. See how it works, where it came from, and which risks and myths surround it today.
Dark Web Monitoring
Dark web monitoring spots when your company data shows up on the darknet. How it works, what to do when you get a hit and where its limits are.
Data Anonymization
Data anonymization protects sensitive information. See which anonymization techniques are common and which best practices keep data private.
Data Exfiltration
Data exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data out of a company. See which weak spots enable it and which measures prevent it.
Data Governance
Data governance sets policies that keep data secure, accessible and of high quality. See the roles, weak spots and safeguards.
Data Protection API
The Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) protects sensitive data with built-in encryption. See how it works and where it is used.
Data Leak
A data leak exposes data to people who should not see it. See its causes, risks and impact, how to detect it early and how to prevent it.
Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
What is a data protection impact assessment (DPIA)? When it is required under Article 35 GDPR, what it must contain, a seven-step process and examples.
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the EU's data protection law. See its origins, meaning and requirements for companies and citizens.
Data Protection Officer (DPO)
A data protection officer (DPO) oversees data protection in an organization. See their duties, responsibilities, qualifications and legal rules.
DCC / MSCache Hash
The DCC / MSCache hash stores cached Windows logins. See its security risks and how to protect your Windows systems.
DDoS
A DDoS attack floods systems with traffic until they fail. See how it works and how to shield your business from outages and financial losses.
Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) examines the content of network packets. See how it works, its pros and cons, and where it is used.
Deep Web
The deep web is the part of the internet that search engines do not index. See its structure, access, security and how it differs from the dark web.
Deepfake
A deepfake is fake audio or video created with AI. See how the technology works, which risks it poses and how to protect yourself.
Deepfake Threats to Businesses
Deepfake threats target businesses with cloned voices or fake video calls. See how to spot CEO fraud and stop it with callbacks and dual approval.
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
What is a DMZ? A demilitarized zone separates public servers from the internal network. Design with one or two firewalls, examples and router DMZ explained.
DevSecOps
DevSecOps builds security into the DevOps process. See what it means, how it works and why it changes traditional approaches.
Digital Forensics
Digital forensics analyzes digital traces and preserves them as evidence. See how it works and why it matters for IT security and investigations.
DNS Security
DNS security protects name resolution from attacks such as DNS spoofing and cache poisoning. See how measures like DNSSEC protect your networks.
DNS Spoofing
DNS spoofing manipulates DNS requests to redirect users. See the risks, warning signs and ways to protect against it.
GDPR-Compliant AI Systems
GDPR-compliant AI systems need a legal basis and transparency. See Article 22, impact assessments and data subject rights explained for businesses.
Edge AI
Edge AI runs models on IoT devices. See risks such as model extraction, physical tampering and insecure updates, and how hardening and secure boot help.
Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR)
Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR) detects and responds to threats on endpoints. See how it works and how it protects modern IT infrastructures.
Endpoint Security
Endpoint security protects end devices against threats. See typical weak spots of laptops, mobile and IoT devices and how to counter them.
Enterprise Risk Management
Enterprise risk management (ERM) helps companies identify, assess and control risks. See its benefits and challenges.
EOL (End of Life)
What does EOL mean? End of life explained simply: the abbreviation, end of sale vs. end of support, the risks of outdated software and how to prepare.
Ethical Hacking
Ethical hacking finds vulnerabilities through authorized, planned attacks. See its tools, benefits and challenges for IT security.
EU AI Act Compliance
EU AI Act compliance for companies in Germany: risk classes, provider and deployer duties. Plus deadlines from 2025, fines and first steps.
Explainable AI (XAI)
Explainable AI (XAI) makes AI decisions traceable. See methods such as SHAP, LIME and counterfactuals and their role under the EU AI Act and GDPR.
Exploit
What is an exploit? Its meaning, how it differs from a vulnerability, types such as zero-day and remote exploits, well-known examples and good protection.
Extended Detection & Response (XDR)
Extended Detection & Response (XDR) is part of modern security architectures. See how it protects organizations against complex attacks.
Federated Learning
Federated learning trains AI without pooling raw data. See which attacks it faces, from poisoning to gradient inversion, and how to secure it.
Firewall
A firewall filters network traffic and is key to network security. See how it works and what matters when you deploy and maintain it.
Governance
What does governance mean? Definition, origin, how it differs from management and compliance, plus corporate, IT and data governance – explained simply.
Hacking LSASS.exe
Attackers target LSASS.exe to steal Windows credentials. See how this hacking works, which weak spots it uses and how to protect your systems.
Homomorphic Encryption
Homomorphic encryption lets AI compute on encrypted data. See PHE, SHE and FHE, practical use cases, limits and how to get started.
Honeypot
A honeypot is a decoy that lures attackers so you can study their methods. See how honeypots work, the main types, benefits and risks.
Honeytoken
A honeytoken is a decoy piece of data. It reveals unauthorized access early and helps you fend off cyberattacks.
Human Firewall
A human firewall means trained employees who spot and stop cyberattacks. See the benefits and how to strengthen your security culture.
Identity & Access Management (IAM)
Identity & Access Management (IAM) controls who can access which resources. It prevents unauthorized access and supports compliance.
Incident Handling
Incident handling is how you manage IT security incidents. See the key steps to limit damage and improve your protective measures.
Incident Response
Incident response is how you manage security incidents. See how to respond to threats and get back to normal operations quickly.
Incident Response Plan
An incident response plan sets clear steps for security incidents. It helps companies limit damage and keep operations running.
Indicators of Compromise (IoC)
Indicators of Compromise (IoC) are traces that point to an attack. See why they matter and how to use them to protect your company.
Information Security Policy
What is an information security policy? Content, how it differs from topic policies and security concepts, and how ISO 27001, BSI and NIS2 treat it.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides scalable cloud infrastructure on demand. See what benefits it offers companies.
Insider Threat
An insider threat is a security risk from within an organization. See how to detect insider threats and protect your company.
Integrity
What does integrity mean? Definition, origin, traits of a person of integrity, synonyms and integrity in IT as a security goal – with examples.
Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
An intrusion detection system (IDS) detects attacks and unauthorized access in networks. See how it works and which types exist.
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
An intrusion prevention system (IPS) detects and blocks attacks. See what it is, how it works, its benefits and where it is used.
ISMS
An ISMS protects sensitive data with systematic security measures. See its structure, the PDCA cycle, key components and benefits.
ISO 27001
ISO 27001 is the leading standard for information security management systems (ISMS). See how it helps you protect your data.
IT Audit Management
IT audit management checks IT security, compliance and efficiency in your company. See strategies, processes and best practices.
IT Compliance
IT compliance means your IT meets legal requirements. See how it protects companies from risks and supports lasting IT security strategies.
IT Governance
IT governance aligns IT with business goals. See its definition, frameworks, strategies, benefits, challenges and best practices.
IT Risk Management
IT risk management helps companies identify, assess and reduce threats. See the process, best practices, KPIs and future trends.
IT Security Act (IT-Sicherheitsgesetz)
The German IT Security Act (IT-Sicherheitsgesetz) protects digital infrastructures. See how it developed, what it does and which challenges it brings.
IT Security Concept
What is an IT security concept? Key parts, the BSI IT-Grundschutz method, the link to ISO 27001 and who needs one.
JMX Console
The JMX console manages Java applications. See how it works and which security aspects protect your Java systems against attacks.
AI-Based Biometric Authentication
AI-based biometric authentication verifies faces, voices or fingerprints. See key attacks such as deepfakes and what GDPR and the AI Act require.
AI Backup and Model Recovery
AI backup and model recovery: what ML systems need backed up and how to check integrity. Plus clean rollback after ransomware or data poisoning.
AI Data Protection Impact Assessment (AI DPIA)
An AI DPIA is a data protection impact assessment for AI systems. See when it is mandatory, which risks it covers and how it fits the AI Act.
Algorithmic Bias
Algorithmic bias leads to unfair AI decisions. See causes, fairness metrics, countermeasures and duties under German equal treatment law, GDPR and AI Act.
AI Forensics
AI forensics uses AI to speed up digital investigations. It also examines incidents on AI systems: artefacts, methods and limits.
AI Governance Framework
An AI governance framework sets roles, policies, an AI inventory and a risk process. Based on ISO/IEC 42001 and the NIST AI RMF, for mid-sized firms.
AI Governance for Managing Directors
AI governance for managing directors: duty of care and liability, AI literacy under Art. 4 AI Act and solid decision papers for AI projects.
AI Incident Response Playbook
An AI incident response playbook is a practical emergency plan. It covers AI incidents, first steps, containment and reporting under GDPR, NIS2 and AI Act.
AI Monitoring and Anomaly Detection
AI monitoring and anomaly detection use machine learning to spot unusual behaviour in networks, endpoints and accounts. Limits and first steps.
AI Penetration Testing
AI penetration testing checks LLM applications and ML models for prompt injection, data leakage and manipulation. Methodology, scope and tools.
AI Phishing Detection
AI phishing detection uses machine learning to assess emails, links and sender behaviour. See its limits and what companies should consider.
AI Risk Management
AI risk management for SMEs: list your AI use and assess the risks. Use the AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894 and NIST AI RMF, then add them to your ISMS.
AI Security in Critical Infrastructure
AI security in critical infrastructure: operator duties under the BSI Act and NIS2. Plus high-risk AI under the AI Act and practical controls.
AI Supply Chain Attack
An AI supply chain attack uses tampered models, datasets or Python packages. See how they reach your company and how to secure their origin and integrity.
AI Certification
AI certification covers ISO/IEC 42001, related standards and the BSI AIC4 catalogue. See how they relate to conformity assessment under the EU AI Act.
Least Privilege (Principle of Least Privilege)
The principle of least privilege gives users only the rights they need. Strict access control reduces risks and protects systems and data.
LinPEAS/WinPEAS
LinPEAS/WinPEAS are tools for finding privilege escalation paths. See how penetration testers use them to uncover vulnerabilities.
Log Management
Log management collects and analyzes log data. It helps companies spot security events and system errors and meet compliance requirements.
Malvertising
Malvertising spreads malware through online ads. See how this threat works and how you can protect yourself against it.
Malware
Malware is malicious software. See how it works, which threats are most common and how to protect your systems and data.
Malware Analysis
Malware analysis examines malicious software. See which techniques are used and why companies need it for their security.
Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)
A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack intercepts communication between two parties. See how it works, attack methods and how to protect your data.
Memory Forensics
Memory forensics analyzes a system's RAM. It helps find and investigate suspicious activity, processes and hidden malware.
Mimikatz
Mimikatz pulls passwords and Kerberos tickets out of Windows. What the tool can do, how attackers use it and how to protect Windows and Active Directory.
MLOps Security
MLOps security protects data, training environments, model registries and the deployment of ML models. Concrete measures for each pipeline stage.
Mobile Application Security Testing
Mobile Application Security Testing (MAST) checks mobile apps for weak spots. See typical vulnerabilities, tools and techniques.
Mobile Device Management (MDM)
Mobile Device Management (MDM) helps organizations manage mobile devices securely. It reduces risks and keeps business running smoothly.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires more than one proof of identity. See how it works, its benefits, challenges, use cases and setup tips.
Need to Know Principle
What is the need to know principle? Definition, workplace examples, how it differs from least privilege, and how to apply it under ISO 27001 and GDPR.
Network Access Control (NAC)
What is network access control (NAC)? How it works, 802.1X and RADIUS, adaptive NAC, how it differs from a firewall and ZTNA, and a rollout in five steps.
Network Segmentation
Network segmentation splits a network into separate zones. See how it works, its benefits and how to use VLANs, subnets, SDN, firewalls and zero trust.
NIS2 Compliance for AI Systems
NIS2 compliance for AI systems under Germany's revised BSIG. See risk management, supply chain, incident reporting and management duties.
NIS2 Directive
NIS2 and the German implementation act: who is affected, the duties under the new BSIG, reporting deadlines, registration, fines and a checklist.
NT Hash / NTLM
NT hash and NTLM are used for Windows authentication. See how they work, their weak spots and how to protect your network against NTLM attacks.
OSINT
What is OSINT? Its meaning, common sources, the OSINT cycle, well-known tools and how companies can use OSINT research legally to improve their security.
OWASP Top 10
The OWASP Top 10:2025 at a glance: all ten risks for web applications, what changed since 2021 and how to protect against each one.
Pass-the-Hash Attack Simulation
A pass-the-hash attack simulation tests hash-based authentication. It helps harden systems against credential theft and misuse.
Password Spraying
Password spraying tries a few common passwords across many accounts. See how these attacks work, how to detect them and how to protect your systems.
Patch Management
Practical patch management: process and priorities with CVSS, EPSS and CISA KEV. Plus rollout rings, OT firmware, emergency patches and metrics.
Penetration Test
A penetration test finds security vulnerabilities. See how a pentest works and why regular testing protects your IT infrastructure.
Phishing
Phishing tricks people into giving away data or clicking malicious links. See how it works, which types exist and how to protect your organization.
Physical Penetration Testing
Physical penetration testing finds physical security gaps, such as weak access controls and surveillance blind spots. It helps you fix them.
Privacy by Default
Privacy by Default means privacy-friendly default settings. See the principles behind it and how companies put it into practice.
Privacy by Design
Privacy by Design builds data protection and security into systems from the start. See its principles and benefits.
Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) uses differential privacy, federated learning, homomorphic encryption and confidential computing.
Privilege Escalation
Privilege escalation lets attackers gain higher rights and take over a system. See its types, causes and defenses.
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) secures digital communication. See which standards it relies on and where certificates and key pairs are used.
Purple Teaming
Purple teaming brings attackers and defenders together. They find and fix weaknesses faster as one team.
Quantum-Safe AI
Quantum-safe AI uses post-quantum cryptography (ML-KEM, ML-DSA). It protects training data, model weights and AI interfaces against harvest now, decrypt later.
Ransomware
Ransomware encrypts data and demands a ransom. See how it works, which types exist, how to protect yourself and what to do after an attack.
Red Team Assessments
A red team assessment is a realistic security test. See how it strengthens your cybersecurity and which benefits and safeguards it brings.
Red Team vs. Blue Team
In red team versus blue team, one side attacks and the other defends. See what each team does and how they work together.
Red Teaming
Red teaming tests your cyber defenses with simulated attacks. See how these tests help you improve your security measures.
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering takes products, software and systems apart to see how they work. It yields new knowledge and security insights.
Rogue Access Point
A rogue access point is an unauthorized wireless access point. See how it works, why it is a serious threat and how to detect and stop it.
Root Cause Analysis
What is a root cause analysis? Its meaning, cause vs. root cause, the steps and methods such as 5 whys and Ishikawa – with examples from IT and security.
Rootkit
A rootkit hides malware deep in a system. See how rootkits work, what dangers they pose and how to detect them and defend your systems.
SABSA Framework
The SABSA framework is a proven method for business-driven security architecture. It fits companies of any size or industry.
Secure Cloud Architecture
Secure cloud architecture protects your cloud infrastructure. It relies on access control, encryption, monitoring and compliance.
Secure Coding
Secure coding means writing software without avoidable vulnerabilities. See best practices, techniques and tips for secure programming.
Secure Development Lifecycle
The Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL) builds security into every phase of software development. It helps reduce vulnerabilities early.
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) enables single sign-on. See its technical basics, how it works, its security mechanisms and use cases.
Security Hardening
Security hardening reduces the attack surface of your IT infrastructure. See which best practices and implementation steps really matter.
Security Logging & Monitoring
Security logging and monitoring explained: the difference between logging and monitoring, which logs you need, how to review them and what ISO 27001 requires.
Security Objectives (CIA Triad)
What are the objectives of information security? Confidentiality, integrity and availability in ISO 27001 and BSI, with examples and controls.
Security Operations Center (SOC)
A Security Operations Center (SOC) watches your IT around the clock. It analyzes threats and responds to incidents.
Security Posture Management
Security Posture Management keeps track of your security status. It covers assessment, implementation and continuous monitoring.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) tricks a server into sending requests for an attacker. See how it works, its risks and how to protect against it.
Shadow IT
Shadow IT means IT systems used without the central IT department's knowledge. See its risks, benefits and how to keep it under control.
SIEM
SIEM collects and analyzes security events across your IT. See how it works, what it offers and which best practices protect your infrastructure.
SIEM Optimization
SIEM optimization makes your SIEM more effective. See which strategies are available and what a well-tuned SIEM offers your IT security.
Single Sign-On (SSO)
What is single sign-on (SSO)? Its meaning, how an SSO login works, SAML, OpenID Connect and Kerberos, benefits, risks and how to roll out SSO securely.
Smishing
Smishing is fraud via SMS and a form of social engineering. See how it works, what risks it poses and how to protect yourself.
Social Media Security
Social media security protects your company's channels. Key measures range from strong passwords and 2FA to monitoring and emergency plans.
Spear Phishing
What is spear phishing? How targeted attacks work, how they differ from phishing, whaling and CEO fraud, warning signs and defenses for your company.
Spoofing
Spoofing fakes an identity to deceive victims. See the types, from email and IP to DNS and ARP spoofing, and how to protect yourself.
SQL Injection
SQL injection lets attackers inject SQL commands into an application. See typical vulnerabilities and how to protect against them.
SSL/TLS
What is SSL/TLS? The protocol encrypts internet connections, for example with HTTPS. Handshake, certificates, versions and differences simply explained.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
Static Application Security Testing (SAST) checks source code for vulnerabilities. See how it works, its benefits, limits and place in development.
Steganography
What is steganography? Its meaning, history, methods such as LSB in images, how it differs from cryptography, misuse by malware and how to protect yourself.
Supply Chain Attack
A supply chain attack targets a company through its suppliers. See the background, attack vectors and how organizations protect themselves.
Synthetic Data
Synthetic data replaces real records in testing and AI training. See when it is truly anonymous, which risks remain and how to evaluate it.
System Hardening
System hardening reduces the attack surface of critical systems. See why it matters and which practical methods and best practices work.
Third-Party IT Risk Management
Third-party IT risk management reduces risks from external IT providers. It helps companies counter cyber threats and stay compliant.
Threat Intelligence Feeds
Threat intelligence feeds deliver current data on threats. See how they work, what they contain and how they help you detect threats early.
TISAX
What is TISAX? Assessment levels, assessment objectives, the process and label validity, and why TISAX is not formally a certification.
Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL)
Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) is the key technology for sending data securely over the internet. Here is what you need to know.
Typosquatting
Typosquatting uses misspelled domain names to trick users. See how it works, its risks for users and companies, and how to prevent it.
Availability
Availability means systems are up and usable when needed. See why it matters for IT security and how to maximize uptime and reduce outages.
Encryption
Encryption protects data from unauthorized access. See symmetric and asymmetric basics, current methods, standards and post-quantum approaches.
Confidentiality
Confidentiality protects sensitive data from unauthorized access. See threats, safeguards, technologies and best practices for this principle.
Volatility2 and Volatility3
Volatility2 and Volatility3 are tools for memory forensics. See their features, key differences and use in digital investigations.
VPN
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts data traffic through a secure tunnel. See how it works, how businesses use it and its limits.
Vulnerability Assessment
A vulnerability assessment finds weak spots in your IT infrastructure. It helps you assess risks and plan remediation.
Vulnerability Management
Vulnerability management helps organizations find, assess, fix and report security vulnerabilities in their IT systems.
Vulnerability Scanning
Vulnerability scanning finds weak spots in systems. See how regular scans and sound security strategies protect your IT infrastructure.
WinPmem
WinPmem, DumpIt and Magnet RAM Capture capture RAM for forensic analysis. See how their features and use cases differ.
Zero Trust
Zero Trust is a security model that trusts no user or device by default. See its protection concepts, rollout strategies and best practices.
Zero Trust Access
Zero Trust Access checks every access request. See its core principles, benefits and challenges, and how it strengthens your security strategy.
Zero Trust Architecture
Zero Trust Architecture keeps trust to a minimum. It protects environments with strict access controls for every user and device.
Zero Trust Identity Management
Zero Trust Identity Management checks every identity before granting access. See why it matters, how to implement it and best practices.
Zero Trust for AI Systems
Zero trust for AI systems limits and verifies what AI agents and service accounts can access. It also protects model weights.
Zero Trust Network Access
Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) grants access only after verification. See its core principles, benefits and implementation steps.
Zero Trust Security Policies
Zero Trust security policies define who may access what. See why they matter and how to use them to protect your organization.
Zero-Day Protection
Zero-day protection defends against previously unknown threats. See how it works and which strategies and methods protect your systems.
Zero-Day Vulnerability
A zero-day vulnerability is a flaw with no patch yet. See typical traits, risks, known examples and strategies to protect your systems.
Zero-day exploit
A zero-day exploit attacks a flaw before a patch exists. See how these exploits work and how to protect yourself against them.
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